Effects of repeated early life anesthesia exposure on visual system development in mice.

General anesthesia is administered to millions of children annually, yet its long-term effects on neurodevelopment remain a concern. We previously reported that even a single early exposure to general anesthesia for minor surgery impairs visual attention in children. This study investigates the effects of early repeated general anesthesia exposure on visual system maturation in mice and explores the role of tissue-type plasminogen activator in mediating these effects during development.